Dendrobium kingianum
An Australia native which grows on the trunks and branches of trees; it derives the benefit of support from the tree, but 1) it can live without the tree and 2) the tree doesn't even notice the presence of this plant.
Dendrobium upin king (yes, that is a binomial)
This Dend. is a species which grows in large stands on trees, giving many off-shoots and many, many, many epiphytic roots. It's a slow grower, but in 50 years, it will cover the side of a tree that it germinated on. Again, the tree derives neither a benefit nor harm, and the plant can live without the tree. It's commensalism!
42.150986, -71.383086
WHS AP Bio 2012
Friday, September 7, 2012
Saravanan: Mutualism
Ficus carica
42.150986, -71.383086
The common fig relies on several species of fig wasp in order for it to produce fertilized seeds. This species, however, will set fruits whether or not they are pollinated.
"A fig looks like a tasty fruit, but when you open it up, there is a wasp inside."
That's an Indian proverb, similar to "don't judge a book by its cover," though the latter is more a cliche/
42.150986, -71.383086
The common fig relies on several species of fig wasp in order for it to produce fertilized seeds. This species, however, will set fruits whether or not they are pollinated.
"A fig looks like a tasty fruit, but when you open it up, there is a wasp inside."
That's an Indian proverb, similar to "don't judge a book by its cover," though the latter is more a cliche/
Saravanan: Plant adaptation for a specific environment
Top: Oncidium excavatum
Bottom: Phalaenopsis philippinensis
42.150987, -71.383086
The Onc. and Phal. are epiphytes. The specialized adaptation of both plants is that they both have vellamen tissue thickly coating their thin, wiry roots. The vellamen tissue absorbs ambient moisture, but also soaks up rain. Another adaptation is that, as epiphytes, these plants need to get nutrients from somewhere other than soil. Many growers believe that they can derive most nutrition from the sun and air, but the air doesn't contain much inorganic phosphorous, bioavailable nitrogen, or potassium ions! The leaves, therefore, despite being devoid of trichomes, are effective are absorbing and storing nutrients. Phals have large, thick leaves that do this job, but look at the Onc. Its leaves are thin, so it has a specialized stem, called a psuedobulb, which holds moisture so that the plant can go months without rain (as long as the humidity stays fairly high) during its winter dormant period.
You might think that the phal is planted upside down. Indeed, this is not true! The way it is growing is actually pendulous, it's version of right-side-up. This adaptation helps prevent crown rot, an affliction Phals are susceptible to due to their absorbent leaves and monopodial growth habit. This raceme will grow upwards, so at least the grocery stores manage to get that right.
Saravanan: Parasitism
42.153295, -71.384854
Interesting at first, but boring when you've seen is as many times as I have. The small flowers are parasites on the mycelium of the Russula ochrolueca in the bottom left corner. Because Monotropa uniflora only parasitizes fungi in the family Russulaecea, its presence can be used to identify fungi.
Saravanan: Different classes of proteins
Homo sapiens sapiens
(but many don't seem to be quite that sapient!)
Mr. Insulin- Messenger protein
40.132935, -74.564010
Left to right:
Ms. Hemoglobin- Transport protein
Ms. Collagen- Structural protein
Ms. Lactase- Enzyme
Ms. Actin- Contractile protein
42.433845, -73.405638
Humphries: Different Classes of protien
Saliva contains salvary amylase
Muscles contain actin and myosin
eggs contain Ovalbumin
All photos taken at:
42º 16' 26.52” N / 71º 37' 53.07” W
Saravanan: Different Classes of Carbohydrates
Glucose
Baptisia alba
42.153520, -71.384193
Fructose
Rhus typhina
42.153520, -71.384193
My favorite indigenous tree! I love love love love love staghorn sumac, because I think it looks so peculiarly tropical due to the large compound leaves.
Glycogen
Russula olivacea
42.153295, -71.384854
identified partially by its proximity to this plant:
Cellulose
Monotropa uniflora
42.153295, -71.384854
Amylum
Rubus strigosus
40.145264, -70.573760
Humphries: Territorial behavior
This Canis lupus familiaris is urinating on the edge of his owners property line. This is an example of territorial behavior because the dog considers the property to be his home and he is urinating on it to show ownership of just how far his land extends.
42º 14' 11.77” N / 71º 40' 25.02” W
Saravanan: Organisms in different plant divisions
Lycopodiophyta
Lycopodium obscurum
42.153063, -71.382353
Pteridophyta
Matteuccia
struthiopteris
42.150992, -71.383065
My mom pulled out the larger fronds, because they were blocking the sun from the bleeding hearts.
Bryophyta
Tortula muralis
42.155038, -71.383053
Coniferophyta
Pinus rigida
40.145264, -74.573766
Magnoliophyta
Rubus strigosus
40.145229, -74.573703
Conley: Animal adaptation for a specific environment
Conley: Redox Reactions
Conley: Endothermic organism
Taylor: Nonvascular plant
Boston Fern
Nephrolepsis exaltata
42.361891,-71.726665
Five-Fingered Fern
Adiantum pedatum
42.362199,-71.726445
Taylor: Organism's Home
The nest of an osprey (Pandion haliaetus).
41.290995,-71.92863
Entrance to the den of a fox (Vulpini vulpes).
42.248862,-71.643585
Byrne: Vestigial structures in an animal
The Kiwi, Apteryx sp., Has vestigial wings that it no longer needs.
TheSperm Whale , Physeter macrocephalus, has a vestigial pelvic girdle from when the mammal had legs.
Found at: 42.378,-71.116
TheSperm Whale , Physeter macrocephalus, has a vestigial pelvic girdle from when the mammal had legs.
Found at: 42.378,-71.116
Byrne: Different types of carbohydrates
Galactose, a disaccharide sugar found in milk.
Starch, a storage carbohydrate.
Starch, a storage carbohydrate.
Cane Sugar, sucrose, found in sugarcane
Found at: 42.258,-71.616
Raissipour: Amphibian
43.867001 -70.333 Hyla versicolor, grey tree frog
These were baby frogs found by Sebago Lake in Maine.
42.283089 -71.600311 Rana catesbeiana, bull frog
Byrne: Different Biomes
41.632,-70.314 Intertidal zone
41.632,-70.314 Pelagic zone
42.258,-71.616 Temperate broad leaf forest
41.632,-70.314 Pelagic zone
42.258,-71.616 Temperate broad leaf forest
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